Berlin, Jean V., editor. A Confederate Nurse: The Diary of Ada W. Bacot, 1860-1863. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1994.
(Ada W. Bacot was a nurse in the Confederate Army during the Civil War. Her diaries give a first hand view of the Civil War from the medical side. Her account shows the increased motivation for medical innovation in doctors during the Civil War, as well as some medical innovations. It also shows how incredibly devastating medicine and hospitalization was to all wounded. This source helped me paint the picture of terrifying medical conditions in the beginning of the war.)

Brumgardt, John R., editor. Civil War Nurse: The Diary and Letters of Hannah Ropes. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1980.
(Hannah Ropes was a Civil War nurse. These letters and diaries give a first hand account to medicine during the Civil War. Her account includes surgical accomplishments during the Civil War, including those of the Surgeon General, R. C. Wood. It also shows how incredibly devastating medicine and especially hospitalization was during 1861. This source also helped me paint the picture of terrifying medical conditions in the beginning of the war.)

Buyens, Jim. Running Microsoft Front page ’98. Redmond: Microsoft Press, 1997.
(This manual helped me construct my website and use Microsoft Front Page to do so.)

Coryell, Janet L., Greiner, James M., and Smither, James R., editors. A Surgeon's Civil
War: The Letters and Diary of Daniel M. Holt, M.D. Kent: The Kent State University Press, 1994.
(These letters and diaries give a surgery doctor's outlook on the atrocities of the Civil War. They show medicine and medical technique advancements due to surgeon motivation. This source also depicted the surgeon’s views on amputation, and helped me that portion of my website.)

Fatout, Paul, editor. Letters of a Civil War Surgeon. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press, 1996.
(This source is a collection of letters of the Civil War surgeon, Major William Watson. This source helped understand the terrors of early Civil War medicine and surgeon’s on amputation. Wonderful source of pictures.)

Herman, Jan K., editor. Battle Station sick bay: Navy medicine in World War II. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1997.
(This source shows many different World War II doctors' account of the war, their cooping with the difficult times, and their innovations and advancements in medical technique, anesthesia, and other medicines. For example, Dr. Henry Heimlich explains how it was the war that inspired the Heimlich maneuver. In particular, I used this source to produce the Penicillin and World War II section of my historical website. Wonderful source of pictures.)

Marton, Kenneth L. (Doctor), Personal interview. February 22, 1999.
(Dr. Marton helped me with the technical part of my historical website. It was his advice and insight that helped me use website-making tools.)

Schwartz, Gerald., editor. A Women Doctor's Civil War: Esther Hill Hawks’ Diary. Columbia: The University of South Carolina Press, 1984.
(Esther Hawks was a doctor during the Civil War. Her account show the feel and stress of war on doctors, for medical advancement. It also includes doctor's views of the Civil War: it's purposes and casualties and views on hospitalization and amputation. This source really helped me understand the devastation of life without a hospital and organization.)

Adams, George Worthington. Doctors in Blue: The Medical History of the Union Army in the Civil War. New York: Henry Schuman, 1952.
(This source includes an overall outlook of the attitudes, technologies, and advancements of the Union doctor's practice during the Civil War. It contains many "firsts." For example, it was during the Civil War that some modem techniques for ambulance field surgery was first developed. This source helped to get started in the Civil War portion of my research. It depicted a general view of hospitalization, a detailed view of the ambulance concept, and a detailed view of amputation. It was also a source of pictures.)

Andrus, E. C., D. W. Bronk, G. A. Carden, M. C. Winternitz, editors. Advances in military Medicine, Volume II. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1948.
(This source includes a very technical, scientific look into war time innovation. It describes exactly the innovation and observance, giving detailed pictures and explanations of the exact medical innovation (i.e. what bone fracture in what person by what weapon). This source was particularly helpful in my penicillin report.)

Bailar, John C. Health Consequences of Service During the Persian Gulf War: Initial Findings and Recommendations for Immediate Action. Washington D. C.: National Academy Press, 1995.
(This source focuses in on the medical terrors of war. It shows how the death rates have improved over time, and statistically, was key to my understanding Why War?.)

Brooks, Stewart. Civil War Medicine. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, 1966.
(This source offers an outlook of the war as a medical revolution. It shows examples of advancement in nursing, dentistry, pharmacy, and surgery. It gave an incredibly detailed description of the development of the hospitals and was key in the development of that portion of my research. This source was also wonderfully filled with pictures.)

Clarke, Jeffrey J., and Nathan Miller. "Warfare." Encarta 98 Encyclopedia CD-ROM, Redmond: Microsoft Press, 1998.
(This encyclopedia article helped me understand and compare Ancient Egyptian and Roman war and medicine to Medieval war and medicine.)

Cowdrey, Albert E. Fighting for Life: American Military Medicine in World War II. New York: A Division of Macmillan, Inc., 1994.
(This source focuses on how the medical units developed and implemented new technology under dire pressures during World War II. These medicine studies in World War II were so successful, that it was the first American War, were more soldiers died in combat, then died on disease. For example, a new system of blood transplant was developed, during the war. I used this source in helping me understand Why War? It also offered a little information on the development of penicillin. Wonderful source of pictures.)

Cunningham, H. H. Doctors in Gray. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1958.
(This book is an outlook on the many accomplishments of the Confederate Army Surgeons, and offers many examples of increase medical knowledge, better medical treatments, surgery, antiseptics and tools. For example, during the Civil War a vaccine to Scarlet Fever, because of the fear and efforts of the Surgeon General. This source was of little help in the development of the Civil War portion of my website, but did answer several question of Why War?.)

Dale, M. Maureen, and Joel Mandelstam. "Antibiotics." Encarta 98 Encyclopedia CD-ROM, Redmond: Microsoft Press, 1998.
(This encyclopedia article helped me understand the effects of a bacterial disease and penicillin. I used this source for the penicillin and World War II portion of my report.)

Duckworth, George E. "Rome, History of." Encarta 98 Encyclopedia CD-ROM, Redmond: Microsoft Press, 1998.
(This encyclopedia article helped me understand the military history of ancient Rome. It provided a few pictures and helped me write the ancient Rome portion of my historical website.)

Duncan, Louis C. (Captain). The Medical Department of the United States Army in the Civil War. Gaithersburg: Butternut Press, Inc., 1985.
(This document deals with and stresses the many advancements in treating casualties [distinction from treating disease] during the Civil War. It also discusses the idea that innovation and advancement occurs more often, when under the pressure of war. This source especially helped me with the development of the ambulance and hospital portion of my website.)

Freemon, Frank Reed, Ph.D. Medical Care During the American Civil War. Urbana: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1992.
(This thesis strongly emphasizes the effects of the Civil War on medical advancement. The change of medicine to an actual profession, and a real practice, is stressed in this thesis. It proves that the Civil War was a medical revolution, because of the realization of the relevance of sanitation and organization. This source was key in getting me started, it gave a wonderful overlook of the Civil War that I used in my historical website and used to look into other sources. I would like to especially credit and thank this source.)

Gabriel, Richard A., Karen S. Metz. A History of Military Medicine Volume I: From Ancient Times to the Middle Ages. New York: Greenwood Press, 1992.
(An great source of information on how medicine was in the military, from ancient times up until the dark ages were over. It has good ideas about how the medical practices of the military connected to those of the rest of society.)

Gabriel, Richard A., Karen S. Metz. A History of Military Medicine Volume II: From the Renaissance Through Modern Times. New York: Greenwood Press, 1992.
(An excellent source of information on the nature of medicine as conducted by the military since the dark ages were over. It contained good insights on how the medical practices of the military were related to those of the rest of society. This source was especially useful in the portion on the Civil War. Excellent source of pictures.)

Gallagher, Gary. "American Civil War." Encarta 98 Encyclopedia CD-ROM, Redmond: Microsoft Press, 1998.
(This encyclopedia article was considerably useful in the development of the Civil War introduction. It contained useful statistics an insights.)

Guerin, Michael P. "Hospitals." Encarta 98 Encyclopedia CD-ROM, Redmond: Microsoft Press, 1998.
(This encyclopedia article was useful, in that it was the modern basis for comparison of early Civil War hospitals to modern hospitals. In fact, through this source, I found that the original hospital design, created during the Civil War, is a basis for modern hospitals.)

Hume, Edgar Erskine. Victories of Army Medicine. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1943.
(This source concentrates on the wonders of specifically Army doctors, regardless of war. It was useful in understanding exactly what circumstances, combined with war, lead to medical innovation, and provided the quote I use in the introduction. I used this source for the yellow fever portion of my website as well. It is a wonderful source of pictures and contained helpful concepts.)

Maher, Mary Denis (Sister). To Bind Up the Wounds, Catholic Sister Nurses in the Civil War. Westport: Greenwood Press, Inc., 1989.
(This source shows the increase of devotion in the medical field, and the attitudes of doctors and nurses towards the war.)

Major, Ralph H. (M. D.). Fatal Partners: War and Disease. Garden City, Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1941.
(This source provided many stories about the relationship of disease to war, from very ancient times to World War I. This was a good source on the way medicine was practiced during each period, as a function of war, but mostly is focuses on the way war causes diseases).

Mettler, Frederick A. "Nervous System." Encarta 98 Encyclopedia CD-ROM, Redmond: Microsoft Press, 1998.
(This source provided a picture of the nervous system used in my website.)

O’ Malley, C. D. "Medicine." Encarta 98 Encyclopedia CD-ROM, Redmond: Microsoft Press, 1998.
(This encyclopedia article was incredibly helpful in having me understand a basic outline of medicine history. It gave wonderful descriptions of diseases and was the basis for my beginning the project.)

Pryor, Elizabeth Brown. Clara Barton: Professional Angel. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1987.
(This source focuses in on the life of Clara Barton. Clara Barton developed the Red Cross during the Civil War. This source shows how the war can effect individuals, who can, in return, effect a whole nation with the development of a medical association. It helped me in the development of the hospitalization section of my historical website.)

Thompson, Douglas S. and Thomas H. Weller. "Yellow Fever." Encarta 98 Encyclopedia CD-ROM, Redmond: Microsoft Press, 1998.
(This source helped me understand the terrible epidemic, yellow fever. It was especially helpful in describing the tragedies and symptoms of yellow fever.)

Wakman, Selman A. "Penicillin." Encarta 98 Encyclopedia CD-ROM, Redmond: Microsoft Press, 1998.
(This source helped me understand the uses of penicillin and its importance in society. It was this article that allowed me to compare before and after the war to mass penicillin production.)

___________."Mosquito." Encarta 98 Encyclopedia CD-ROM, Redmond: Microsoft Press, 1998.
(This source provided a picture of a mosquito that was helpful in describing yellow fever transmission.)

___________."Marius, Gaius." Encarta 98 Encyclopedia CD-ROM, Redmond: Microsoft Press, 1998.
(This source provided a picture of the Ancient Roman, military leader, Gaius Marius. It also helped in my understanding of Gaius Marius’s role in Ancient Rome.)

Canadian Museum of Civilization, The. "Mysteries of Egypt."  January 1999.
[http://www.civilization.ca/membrs/civiliz/egypt/egypt_e.html].
(This website provided wonderful insights on Egyptian medicine. It was also a wonderful source of pictures.)

Carnegie Museum of Natural History Exhibitions. "Life in Ancient Egypt."  March 1999.
[http://www.clpgh.org/cmnh/exhibits/egypt/index.html].
(This site offered many wonderful pictures and helped me understand Why War? in Egypt. It focused manly on the debate of religion’s impact on medical innovation.)

Dalton School, The. "Rome: Military Resources."  1998.
[http://dewey.dalton.org/groups/Rome/RMil. html].
(This Internet website was incredibly helpful in the picture arena. In addition, it offered information dealing with the history of the Ancient Roman Military and its start.)

Goellnitz, Jenny. "Civil War Battlefield Medicine."  January 1999.
[http://members.aol.com/cwsurgeon0/indexJ.html].
(This site was especially helpful in providing pictures and giving me an understand of medicine early and later in the Civil War. It gave a wonderful outline, and helped me understand what my website could be like.)

Mautz, Nancy B. "The Development of Western Civilization: World History: Rome."   August 1998.
[http://history.evansville.net/rome.html].
(This site was incredibly helpful in the development of the Ancient Roman portion of my website. It provided pictures, and valuable information.)

Pfizer, Inc. "The Mold That Changed the World."  1999.
[http://www.pfizer.com/150/1928.htm].
(This site, from Pfizer pharmaceuticals, a major producer of penicillin, includes good information about World War II and the production of that antibiotic, as well as some nice graphics from that period).